By Jerry Gidel, RJO Futures Research Trading Analyst8/10/2010 11:26 am CDT
The upcoming USDA August crop production and US and world supply/demand updates on August 12 will have the attention of both agricultural and financial professionals from around the world after the past month's dramatic increase in grain and oilseed prices. The harsh weather in the Former Soviet Union's spring wheat and coarse grain areas, which have prompted significant cutbacks in crop potential according to government and trade reports, lead to the strongest price advance in July/August wheat prices ever. This also prompted an announcement from Russia late last week of a temporary ban of wheat and grains exports from August 15 to December 15, 2010.

The year's extreme heat and drought in Russia's spring wheat growing areas has been the main catalyst for the past six week's price strength in all the major crops. In the Former Soviet Union (FSU), wheat production could be 10-12 mmt lower on the upcoming USDA update, according to recent trade reports, suggesting the coming year's US wheat exports will be 150 million bu. or more larger on August 12. However, with strong US winter wheat harvest reports, high spring wheat crop ratings and strong yield reports from the recent North Dakota wheat tour that averaged 45.6 bu, we expect a 25 million higher US total crop of 2.241 billion bu. with the spring and durum outputs at 620 and 105 million, respectively.

The recent dramatic change in wheat prices has also likely cut 2010/11's feed demand, keeping US ending stocks near 1 billion bu. this month. On a worldwide basis, this year's drop in Black Sea supplies and higher prices will likely curtail this food grain's feed demand to 115 mmt, down 6.8 mmt from July and resulting in just an 11 mmt drop in world stocks to 176 mmt, despite this year's hefty cuts in the FSU's grain crops. With US talk of expanding winter wheat seedings producers should have 70-75% of old-crop output and 20-25% of 2011 wheat output marketed when July Chicago wheat is in its $7.35-$7.30 price range.


This summer's above-normal temperatures, excess moisture that fell in major portions of Iowa and Illinois during June and July, and dryness in the East Coast, Southeast and pockets around the Midwest keeps us cautious about 2010's corn crop potential. Countering this situation was 2010's early jump in corn plantings, which will likely produce a strong increase in plant population - a significant factor in any year's yield potential. The impact of this season's diverse weather of high temperatures, heavy rainfall likely causing denitrification in some fields, dryness and high humidity and overnight temperatures on corn's kernel filling and yield isn't totally known.

We feel being cautious on the first production estimate of the year is the best approach with the 162 bu US corn yield. The strongest yields will likely occur in the Western Corn Belt (WCB) where Minnesota, Nebraska and Iowa have some of highest state ratings this year with the region averaging 168.9 bu., 1.8 bu. less than 2009. Excessive heat, high humidity and pockets of wetness and dryness in the Eastern Corn Belt (ECB) has reduced this region's potential with a 165 bu average vs. last year's record of 167.9 bu. Heat and dryness have also impacted the Southeast, Delta and Southwest this growing season. The Southeast's average yield is likely to be down 7.8 bu. to 113.5 bu. and the Southwest and Delta's average off 2 bu. to 146.9 bu. this year. Overall, 2010's corn harvest could still produce a record 13.12 billion crop similar to last year while the average trade expectations is for 13.28 billion bu crop and 164.1 bu. yield. Hold sales at current 50-55% of 2010 output.

This year's heat and drought in the FSU has also had an impact on the corn market because of the loss of feed wheat and coarse grain output (barley, corn, millet, rye and pulses) meaning world buyers will need to shift to corn and other feedgrains to replace these lost supplies. Because of this trade shift, 2010/11's corn exports should increase by 200 million bu. this month. However, the duration of the current dry spell in the FSU will determine the final US export level this year. Previously, corn shipments suggested old crop exports might increase, but with 3.5 weeks left and the need to average 43.8 million bu. to hit the USDA's 1.95 billion forecast, no change in old-crop export demand is likely. Ethanol's 4.5 billion bu. appears solid after the recent EIA adjustments put 33 million more bu. of ethanol production into last fall's output on its recent revisions for 2009. Dropping 2010/11's ending stocks to 1.1 billion level probably will limit December corn's downside to the $3.60-$3.70 area, while a 1.25 billion ending stock level could open selling pressure to the $3.50 area ahead of the next update and September harvesting in the ECB.

Heat and heavy rainfall in parts of the Midwest will also impact soybeans' yields, but projecting this crop's yield potential isn't an easy task this time of year. Disease problems from too much moisture can be as bad as too little rainfall, so our first US soybean yield estimate is 42.2 bu. while the trade average is 43.2 bu. Reports of sudden death syndrome (SDS) disease are also surfacing In Iowa and Illinois in the past 10 days. With Chinese purchases continuing, old crop exports still have the potential for 20 million added shipments in the last month, but the US crush likely will be shaved by 5 million, resulting in 160 million 2010 September 1 stocks. This is a positive, but this year's mid-South harvest will be starting soon, taking the sting out of tightest in the Midwest. Ongoing Chinese new-crop purchases should prompt another increase in 2010/11 exports, so new-crop stocks may slip below 300 million if the USDA is conservative about its initial 2010 bean yield. This isn't a very bullish supply story yet, but downside weakness may be limited as Chinese buying keeps South American producers expanding soybeans plantings to supply Beijing's potential of over 55 mmt of soybeans in the coming year. Hold sales at 50-55%.

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